The Power of Invented Tradition: Midsummer (Joninės) on Rambynas Hill

Abstract

Abstract: This article analyses how Midsummer’s Day (Joninės), celebrated on Rambynas hill during the Lithuanian National Revival period, became an ‘invented tradition’ and how this secular ritual served as a unifying force in the Kingdom of Prussia (part of the German Empire, 1884–1918); the historic Klaipėda region (part of the Republic of Lithuania, 1923–1939); the Lithuanian SSR (1945–1989); and the restored Republic of Lithuania (since 1990). Research data shows that sacred places can influence the formation of ethnic and civic identities, even during secular rituals. Midsummer on Rambynas hill has led to the establishment of Lithuanian Midsummer rituals across Lithuania, transforming Joninės (Midsummer) into a national Lithuanian holiday.