Images of Saints at Annual Fairs in Vilnius: Ritual Attributes, Souvenirs, Works of Art

Abstract

The article examines images of saints made by folk artists and presented for sale at Vilnius religious fairs (St. Casimir’s Day, Palm Sunday and Christmas).
Based on field research conducted in 2012 and between 2019 and 2022 using interviews and participant observation, the study identifies a functional shift where religious images, once primarily devotional objects, are now largely perceived as souvenirs or decorative art. Findings reveal that while angels and the Pensive Christ remain the most popular motifs, their role has transitioned from essential religious attributes to souvenirs and interior decorations. Despite a declining demand for traditional large-scale folk sculptures, small souvenir statuettes maintain a stable market. The article also considers how commercialisation affects the supply and demand of folk art production. The article concludes that to remain relevant, folk artists need to modernise their creative strategies and interpretations to meet the changing expectations of today’s buyers.